(2003) proposed a set of positive diagnostic criteria for the identification of BMS difference between the fundamental criteria and additional criteria ( Table 2). Altered taste (dysgeusia): persistence of a certain taste/ altered taste perception ī) Other associated symptoms: thirst, headache, pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tenderness/ pain in the masticatory and neck, shoulder, and suprahyoid muscles. Pain in the oral mucosa: burning, scalding, tingling, numb feeling, swelling, stinging Ģ. The main symptoms were present in patients with BMS :Ī) The presence of the triad consisted of:ġ. It seemed that patients suffering from type 2 were most refractory to any kind of treatment. The usefulness of this classification would be primarily related to the possibility of correlating the diagnosis with patient prognosis. Type 1 BMS was associated with systemic diseases such as nutritional deficiencies, diabetes mellitus, etc., type 2 was usually associated with psychological disorders, and type 3 BMS was related to allergic reactions or local factors. The intensity and duration of symptoms can vary from patient to patient, this observation making some authors propose a classification of BMS in three clinical subtypes ( Table 1). Once in place, disorders can be maintained for long periods of time, from several months to several years. This does not mean that all the oral mucosa could be involved without the identification of any precise anatomical distribution. These symptoms were almost always located in the tongue or oral mucous membranes, in more than one oral site, with the anterior two thirds of the tongue, the anterior hard palate and the mucosa of the lower lip being most frequently involved. Burning sensation in the oral mucosa syndrome was most often cited by patients but BMS might manifest as an itching sensation, numbness, taste alteration (the BMS patients reported ageusia for bitter/acid/spicy substances or metallic taste), dry mouth, burning pain, oral stinging, etc. The clinical history was helpful in diagnosing BMS.
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